The territory occupied by Japanese forces was roughly equivalent to that occupied by the Axis in Europe and the period of occupation was longer.
![]() Most of the limited number of hospitals and health institutions in China were destroyed or lost. In India famine was recurrent, and the Indian economy was severely strained to support the burden the Allied military authorities placed upon it. The Philippines suffered from three years of Japanese occupation and exploitation and from the destruction wrought in the reconquest of the islands by the Americans in 194445. The harbour at Manila was wrecked by the retreating Japanese, and many portions of the city were demolished by bombardment. In Japan the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey found the damage to urban centres comparable to that in Germany. In the aggregate, 40 percent of the built-up areas of 66 Japanese cities was destroyed, and approximately 30 percent of the entire urban population of Japan lost their homes and many of their possessions. Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered the peculiar and lasting damage done by atomic explosion and radiation. John Graham Royde-Smith The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Estimates of those killed vary from 35 million to 60 million. The total for Europe alone was 15 million to 20 millionmore than twice as many as in World War I. For Nehru and the Congress Partys high command, such unilateral declarations were viewed as more than insensitive British behaviour.
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